Environmental Studies and Environmental Laws

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UNIT-I: Environmental Protection: International and National Perspective

a. Introduction
i. Environment: Meaning
ii. Environment Pollution: Meaning and Issues
b. Constitutional Guidelines
i. Right to Wholesome Environment: Evolution and Application
ii. Relevant Provisions: Art. 14, 19 (1) (g), 21, 48-A, 51-A(g)
iii. Environment Protection through Public Interest Litigation
c. Environmental Laws: India and International
i. Law of Torts
ii. Law of Crimes
iii. Public Nuisance
iv. Emergence of Environmental Legislations
UNIT-II: Prevention and Control of Water, Air, Noise and Land Pollution

a. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
i. Water Pollution: Definition
ii. Central and State Pollution Control Boards: Constitution, Powers and Functions
iii. Water Pollution Control Areas
iv. Sample of effluents: Procedure; Restraint Order
v. Consent requirement: Procedure, Grant/Refusal, Withdrawal
vi. Citizen Suit Provision
b. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
i. Air Pollution: Definition
ii. Central and State Pollution Control Boards: Constitution, Powers and
Functions
iii. Air Pollution Control Areas
iv. Consent Requirement: Procedure, Grant/Refusal, Withdrawal
v. Sample of Effluents: Procedure; Restraint Order
vi. Citizen Suit Provision
c. Noise Pollution Control Order, 2000
d. Land Pollution
Objective: The objective of this paper is to acquaint the students with the environmental issues and
the measures taken for its protection along with the norms prevailing at international and national
level.53
UNIT-III: General Environment Legislations and Protection of Forests and Wild Life

a. Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986
a. Meaning of ‘Environment’, ‘Environment Pollutant’, ‘Environment
Pollution’
b. Powers and Functions of Central Govt.
c. Important Notifications U/s 6: Hazardous Substance Regulation, BioMedical Waste Regulation and Coastal Zone Management, EIA
d. Public Participation & Citizen Suit Provision
b. Laws Related to Forest
i. Forest Act, 1927
ii. Kinds of forest – Private, Reserved, Protected and Village Forests
iii. The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
iv. Forest Conservation vis-a vis Tribals’ Rights
c. The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
i. Authorities to be Appointed and Constituted under the Act
ii. Hunting of Wild Animals
iii. Protection of Specified Plants
iv. Protected Area
v. Trade or Commerce in Wild Animals, Animal Articles and Trophies; Its
Prohibition
UNIT-IV: International Environment Laws and Current Trends (Lectures-10)
a. Introduction to International Environmental Laws
i. Environmental Law: Human Rights Perspective
ii. Stockholm Declaration: Brief overview
iii. Rio-Declaration: Brief Overview
iv. Important Doctrines: Sustainable Development – Meaning and Scope -
Precautionary Principle: Polluter pays Principle-Public Trust Doctrine
v. UNEP
b. National Green Tribunal
i. Constitution
ii. Functions and Powers